A bill for an act providing for a hearing to determine immunity from criminal or civil liability following a use of reasonable force in defense of one's self, others, or property. (Formerly HSB 213.)

House File 945 (HF945) is a bill introduced in the Iowa General Assembly that establishes a legal process for individuals who have used reasonable force in self-defense, defense of others, or defense of property to seek immunity from criminal or civil liability. Specifically, the bill allows these individuals to request a pretrial hearing where a judge can determine whether they are immune from prosecution or lawsuits based on their use of force. If the judge grants immunity, the individual cannot be prosecuted or sued for that specific incident.

Supporters of HF945 argue that the bill strengthens self-defense rights by providing a clear legal mechanism to protect individuals from prolonged legal battles when they have lawfully used force in defense situations. They believe it upholds the principle that individuals should not face criminal charges or civil lawsuits when acting to protect themselves, others, or their property within the bounds of the law.

Critics of HF945 express concern that the bill could lead to misuse of self-defense claims, potentially allowing individuals to evade accountability for acts of violence by asserting self-defense. They worry that the pretrial immunity hearings might result in fewer cases going to trial, thereby limiting the opportunity for thorough examination of the circumstances surrounding the use of force.